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The stone pine, with the botanical name ''Pinus pinea'', is also called the Italian stone pine, umbrella pine and parasol pine. It is a tree from the pine family (''Pinaceae''). The tree is native to the Mediterranean region, occurring in Southern Europe, Israel, Lebanon and Syria. It is also naturalized in North Africa, the Canary Islands, South Africa and New South Wales. The species was introduced into North Africa millennia ago, such a long time that it essentially indistinguishable from being native. Stone pines have been used and cultivated for their edible pine nuts since prehistoric times. They are widespread in horticultural cultivation as ornamental trees, planted in gardens and parks around the world. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=6299 )〕 ==Distribution== The prehistoric range of ''Pinus pinea'' included North Africa in the Sahara Desert and Maghreb regions during a more humid climate period, in present day Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. Its contemporary natural range is in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome ecoregions and countries, including: ;Southern Europe: The Iberian conifer forests ecoregion of the Iberian Peninsula in Spain and Portugal; the Italian sclerophyllous and semideciduous forests ecoregion in France and Italy; the Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests ecoregion of southern Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia; the Illyrian deciduous forests of the eastern coast of the Ionian and Adriatic Seas in Croatia and Albania; and the Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests ecoregion of the southern Balkan Peninsula in Greece. In Greece, although rare, an extensive stone pine forest exists in western Peloponnese at Strofylia〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.factsproject.eu/pilotprojects/strofylia/Pages/default.aspx )〕 on the peninsula separating the Kalogria Lagoon from the Mediterranean Sea. This coastal forest is at least 8 miles long, with dense and tall stands of ''Pinus pinea'' mixed with ''Pinus halepensis''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ornithologiki.gr/page_iba.php?aID=98&loc=en )〕 Currently, ''Pinus halepensis'' is outcompeting stone pines in many locations of the forest. Another location in Greece is at Koukounaries on the northern Aegean island of Skiathos at the southwest corner of the island. This is a half a mile long dense stand of stone and Aleppo pines that lies between a lagoon and the Aegean Sea.〔http://filotis.itia.ntua.gr/biotopes/c/GR1430003/〕 A fine-textured sand beach lies between the Koukounaries forest and the sea. ;Western Asia: In Western Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests ecoregion in Turkey; and the Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests ecoregion in Lebanon, Syria, and northern Israel ;Northern Africa The Mediterranean woodlands and forests ecoregion of North Africa, in Morocco and Algeria ;South Africa In the Western Cape Province, where the pines were according to legend planted by the French Huguenot refugees who settled at the Cape of Good Hope during the late 17th century, and brought the seeds with them from France. Known in the Afrikaans language as ''kroonden''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stone pine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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